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Air Quality Management (AQM) is the process by which air quality control is currently being undertaken in England. The process is designed to address air quality issues at a local scale in a holistic manner through the defining an...
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Air Quality Management (AQM) is the process by which air quality control is currently being undertaken in England. The process is designed to address air quality issues at a local scale in a holistic manner through the defining and securing of a suite of air quality objectives. A long term view is required, which will necessitate air quality considerations becoming embedded in other policy areas, particularly transport planning, land-use planning and development planning. In order for the AQM process to be successful, these different policy areas (and professions) will need to collaborate, not only within local authorities, but between neighbouring authorities and with other outside agencies. This paper critiques the AQM process as it is being implemented in England, and assesses how local authorities are working with each other (between departments and between neighbouring authorities) and also how other agencies and authorities, businesses and the public are being involved. Results are presented from a questionnaire survey involving all the above sectors undertaken in mid-1998. It is concluded that substantial progress has been made with the AQM process. At the present time, environmental health and transport planners seem to be engaging with the AQM process more than other professions. The lack of inclusion of other professions is an issue that requires urgent attention.
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This paper considers the evolution of attempts to control and manage air pollution,principally but not exclusively focussing upon the challenge of managing air pollution in urban environments.The development and implementation of ...
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This paper considers the evolution of attempts to control and manage air pollution,principally but not exclusively focussing upon the challenge of managing air pollution in urban environments.The development and implementation of a range of air pollution control measures are considered.Initially the measures implemented primarily addressed point sources,a small number of fuel types and a limited number of pollutants.The adequacy of such a source-control approach is assessed within the context of a changing and challenging air pollution climate.An assessment of air quality management in the United Kingdom over a 50-year timeframe exemplifies the range of issues and challenges in contemporary air quality management.The need for new approaches is explored and the development and implementation of an effects-based,risk management system for air quality regulation is evaluated.
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Under the Ten Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment between the Governments of the United States and China, the two countries implemented a highly successful U.S.-China EcoPartnerships program . The program help...
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Under the Ten Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment between the Governments of the United States and China, the two countries implemented a highly successful U.S.-China EcoPartnerships program . The program helped to grow 45 U.S.-China subnational partnerships and accelerate breakthroughs in technology and policy to achieve shared goals in clean air, clean water, and waste reduction. With the culmination of the U.S.-China EcoPartnerships program in January 2021, this article captures the legacy of this impressive program by providing insights into its unique structure; the diverse set of projects that comprised U.S.-China EcoPartnerships; its commercial and environmental impacts; and the lessons that can be applied to future bilateral and multilateral subnational environmental programs.
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This paper explores the challenges, opportunities and progress made with managing air quality since the United Kingdom parliament passed the Clean Air Act, 1956. It seeks to identify the factors contributing to successful manageme...
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This paper explores the challenges, opportunities and progress made with managing air quality since the United Kingdom parliament passed the Clean Air Act, 1956. It seeks to identify the factors contributing to successful management of air quality and the factors that have acted, or continue to do so, as barriers to progress. The public health catastrophe of the 1952 London Smog created the political momentum for the 1956 Act to be passed. The nature of the contemporary air pollution challenge is reviewed in terms of the public health burden, the economic cost and the governmental response. The contemporary response is considered inadequate for the scale and intensity of the problem.
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The current study assessed the air quality of area 3 most populated cities of Punjab- Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Amritsar. Air quality Index (AQI) parameters- PM_(2.5), PM_(10), O_2, NO_3, SO_2, CO of recent 3 years (2021, 2020, 2019...
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The current study assessed the air quality of area 3 most populated cities of Punjab- Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Amritsar. Air quality Index (AQI) parameters- PM_(2.5), PM_(10), O_2, NO_3, SO_2, CO of recent 3 years (2021, 2020, 2019) of the 3 areas is studied. The highest annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) is found to be 163.5 μg/m~3 in December 2021 at Ludhiana, while the lowest value found to be 55.2 μg/m3 in Jalandharin September, 2021. It is important to review the literature regarding pollution in India's polluted areas. Air pollution significantly hurts soil and water resources. The findings of this paper indicate over last few years the rate at which air pollution in India is grown especially in urban areas is alarming. Excessive concentrations of pollutants in air have triggered a state of emergency in polluted areas around the world, particularly in developing countries like India.
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Regardless of its intent and purposes, the first decade of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) framework had little or no effect in reducing traffic-related air pollution in the UK. Apart from the impact of increased traffic v...
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Regardless of its intent and purposes, the first decade of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) framework had little or no effect in reducing traffic-related air pollution in the UK. Apart from the impact of increased traffic volumes, the major factor attributed to this failure is that of policy disconnect between the process of diagnosing air pollution and its management, thereby limiting the capability of local authorities to control traffic-related sources of air pollution. Integrating air quality management into the Local Transport Plan (LTP) process therefore presents opportunities for enabling political will, funding and joined-up policy approach to reduce this limitation. However, despite the increased access to resources for air quality measures within the LTP process, there are local institutional, political and funding constraints which reduce the impact of these policy interventions on air quality management. This paper illustrate the policy implementation gaps between central government policy intentions and the local government process by providing evidence of the deprioritisation of air quality management compared to the other shared priorities in the LTP process. We draw conclusions on the policy and practice of integrating air quality management into transport planning. The evidence thereby indicate the need for a policy shift from a solely localised hotspot management approach, in which the LAQM framework operates, to a more holistic management of vehicular emissions within wider spatial administrative areas.
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According to the Romanian Law no. 265/2006, which adopted the Governmental Decision no. 195/2005 on environmental protection, environmental agencies are responsible for air quality monitoring in Romania. Since Romania is now an EU...
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According to the Romanian Law no. 265/2006, which adopted the Governmental Decision no. 195/2005 on environmental protection, environmental agencies are responsible for air quality monitoring in Romania. Since Romania is now an EU Member State, such a plan is a must to enhance life quality, in order to meet the objectives of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development. Having regarded to this Strategy and the Kyoto Protocol signed in 1997, this paper provides the results from a study of ambiental air quality in Iasi City using data recorded by the Iasi City Environment Agency (based on daily air-quality reports from January 1, 2010 to April 31, 2011, issued by the National Environment Agency). Analyzing such data. we drew a set of guidelines to follow when drawing up an Air Quality Management Plan for Iasi City. The following air pollutants were measured and assessed: sulfur dioxide (SO_2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O_3), paniculate (PM10 and PM2.5).
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The relationship between air quality and climate change provides a scientific basis for developing integrative policies. Local governments in developing countries are expected to reap significant benefits from incorporating climat...
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The relationship between air quality and climate change provides a scientific basis for developing integrative policies. Local governments in developing countries are expected to reap significant benefits from incorporating climate change concerns into air quality policies. In Africa, South Africa is also one of the few countries on the continent to have developed robust air quality legislation. South African municipalities or local governments are required to develop and implement air quality management plans (AQMPs), which present opportunities to integrate climate change considerations. The extent to which cities are currently incorporating climate change concerns into existing air pollution strategies, and the opportunities for improved integration of these two issues, and actions to support the implementation thereof, are presented in this paper using the city of Durban as a case study. The results from this case study suggest that in the short-to-medium-term, local AQMPs can be used to support climate change mitigation. These outcomes could be relevant to other countries that use a similar approach to air quality management and require local AQMPs to be developed.
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The Air Quality Management (AQM) framework in Great Britain is an effects-based, risk management process designed to provide a dynamic solution to public health issues associated with elevated concentrations of seven air pollutant...
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The Air Quality Management (AQM) framework in Great Britain is an effects-based, risk management process designed to provide a dynamic solution to public health issues associated with elevated concentrations of seven air pollutants. The statutory basis of the AQM process is provided by The Environment Act 1995, which required an Air Quality Strategy to be published by Government that introduced a series of air quality objectives in Regulations, The Act provides a framework in which national and local actions are required to identify and remediate areas of poor air quality. The Act places a series of duties and responsibilities upon local authorities to review and assess local air quality against air quality objectives set on the basis of best available epidemiological information. Local authorities are required to identify areas in which air quality objectives will be exceeded by a target date and to declare them as Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA). In such locations a local authority must develop an Action Plan detailing both the measures to be taken and the time scale for implementation in order that air quality is improved within the AQMA. Local authorities began the process of review and assessment in 1998 and the first round of the process concluded in 2001 following which some 130 local authorities have AQMAs, Following the first round of the review and assessment process, elements of the framework were subjected to an evaluation and the essential elements of this process have been confirmed as fit for purpose. Local authorities are now embarking on a second round of reviews and assessments, which although the guiding principles remain the same, the implementation has been streamlined. This paper will briefly review the experiences of local authorities in undertaking the first round of review and assessment and reflect on some early indications relating to the implementation of Round 2. Finally the transferability of the process to other countries will be commented upon.
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This paper presents a qualitative case study of community participation in local air quality management in Nottingham (UK). We analyse Nottingham's response to a "clean air zone" mandate: despite national government and local comm...
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This paper presents a qualitative case study of community participation in local air quality management in Nottingham (UK). We analyse Nottingham's response to a "clean air zone" mandate: despite national government and local community support of this congestion charging policy, the City Council rejected the measure. We focus on the policy framing, with data from policy documents, interviews with government and non-government actors, and observation in local activities. We found that community groups build links with local government in two ways: (1) as a coalition against the national government and austerity measures, and (2) as "neutral", non-expert communicators of air pollution as an "invisible" policy problem. We show how this invisibility plays a significant role in factors such as trust, risk, responsibility, and policy communication. This research has theoretical implications for the communication of air pollution and practical implications for cities looking to implement similar transport-oriented strategies.
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